The Greatest Islamic Mosque/Musjid in the world.

Minaret at the Great Mosque of Samarra.

  

Conquest
     Arabs/Saracens/Up to the death of Mohammed, 632
     Under the first three caliphs, 632–656
     Ommiad Califs, 661-750
Boundary
     of the Califate
     of the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire

Dome of the Rock

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The Mosque of Omar, on Ash-Haram Al-Sharif (the Temple Mount), built by Abd al-Malik; completed at the end of the Second Fitna.

Umayyad Mosque

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The Great Mosque of Damascus was built by Al-Walid; completed by the time of the succession of Sulayman.